Methods For Heating Strip Product

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for reducing the thickness of a strip of an aluminum-based material are disclosed. The aluminum-based material is pre-heated before running the material through a warm rolling process. The systems include devices for pre-heating, which can include a heated payoff station or a dedicated pre-heating station that applies heated rolls or acts as a heated tunnel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Pat. ApplicationSerial No. 62/668,471, filed May 8, 2018, the entirety of which isincorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to methods for producing strip productfrom various metal matrix composites (MMC), and systems for practicingsuch methods. In particular, a metal input is pre-heated to a warmrolling temperature, and then warm rolled to reduce the thickness of themetal input and produce a metal strip.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Reducing the thickness of various composite MMC materials (particularlyaluminum alloys) via cold working is relatively slow due to theirrelatively low ductility at room temperature, which results in theformation of cracks and thus limits the degree of thickness reductionthat can occur. Cracking can be avoided in these alloys by the systemsand methods of the present disclosure, which pre-heat the metal materialto be less susceptible to cracking during a warm rolling (reduction)process. Systems and devices are disclosed herein for performing suchpre-heating. These devices can also be used to retro-fit existingrolling mills.

Disclosed herein are various methods for reducing a thickness of aninput of a metal material, comprising: pre-heating the input to a warmrolling temperature that is less than one-half the melting point of themetal material; and warm rolling the pre-heated input in a rolling millto reduce the thickness of the input, resulting in a metal strip havinga final thickness.

In some embodiments, the pre-heating is performed by heating a payoffstation from which the input is directed towards the rolling mill. Inother embodiments, the pre-heating is performed by running the inputthrough a heated tunnel, wherein the heated tunnel provides heat to theinput via conduction, convection, or radiation. In alternativeembodiments, the pre-heating is performed by contacting a top surfaceand a bottom surface of the input with heated rolls, wherein the heatedrolls do not substantially reduce the thickness of the input.

The warm rolling temperature may be from about 350° F. to about 600° F.(about 177° C. to about 315° C.). The warm rolling may be performed to atotal %WW of at least 75%. The warm rolling may be performed by aplurality of warm passes, each warm pass resulting in a %WW of up to65%.

The rolling mill may comprise a set of heated bite rolls. In somefurther embodiments, the metal strip is also wound into a coil.

In particular embodiments, the metal material is a metal matrixcomposite (MMC) material that comprises an aluminum alloy and ceramicparticles dispersed in the aluminum alloy. The ceramic particles maycomprise at least one ceramic material selected from the groupconsisting of carbides, oxides, silicides, borides, and nitrides. TheMMC material may comprise from about 15 vol% to about 50 vol% of theceramic particles. The average particle size of the ceramic particlesmay be from about 0.3 µm to about 5 µm.

Also disclosed herein are metal strips produced by these methods, andarticles produced from such metal strips.

Also disclosed in various embodiments are systems for producing metalstrip, comprising: means for pre-heating a metal input to a warm rollingtemperature that is less than one-half the melting point of the metalmaterial; and a rolling mill for warm rolling the pre-heated metal inputto produce the metal strip.

The means for pre-heating can be a payoff station that is configured (A)to feed the metal input to the rolling mill and (B) to pre-heat themetal input. In other embodiments, the means for pre-heating can be aheated tunnel located between a payoff station and the rolling mill,wherein the heated tunnel provides heat to the input via conduction,convection, or radiation. In yet other embodiments, the means forpre-heating can be a set of heated rolls located between a payoffstation and the rolling mill, wherein the heated rolls are located sothat a top surface and a bottom surface of the metal input are contactedby the heated rolls. The system may further comprise a take-up reeldownstream of the rolling mill.

These and other non-limiting characteristics of the disclosure are moreparticularly disclosed below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following is a brief description of the drawings, which arepresented for the purposes of illustrating the exemplary embodimentsdisclosed herein and not for the purposes of limiting the same.

FIG. 1 is a first exemplary embodiment of a system of the presentdisclosure for pre-heating and then warm rolling a metal input. Here,the pre-heating is performed at the payoff station.

FIG. 2 is a third exemplary embodiment of a system of the presentdisclosure for pre-heating and then warm rolling a metal input. Here,the pre-heating is performed by a set of heated rolls between the payoffstation and the rolling mill.

FIG. 3 is a second exemplary embodiment of a system of the presentdisclosure for pre-heating and then warm rolling a metal input. Here,the pre-heating is performed in a heated tunnel between the payoffstation and the rolling mill.

FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are photographs of short strips of an MMC materialthat is only cold worked, and both strips exhibit cracking.

FIG. 5 is a photograph of a strip material processed in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure, and having enhancedproperties.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A more complete understanding of the components, processes andapparatuses disclosed herein can be obtained by reference to theaccompanying drawings. These figures are merely schematicrepresentations based on convenience and the ease of demonstrating thepresent disclosure, and are, therefore, not intended to indicaterelative size and dimensions of the devices or components thereof and/orto define or limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

Although specific terms are used in the following description for thesake of clarity, these terms are intended to refer only to theparticular structure of the embodiments selected for illustration in thedrawings, and are not intended to define or limit the scope of thedisclosure. In the drawings and the following description below, it isto be understood that like numeric designations refer to components oflike function.

The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unlessthe context clearly dictates otherwise.

As used in the specification and in the claims, the term “comprising”may include the embodiments “consisting of” and “consisting essentiallyof.” The terms “comprise(s),” “include(s),” “having,” “has,” “can,”“contain(s),” and variants thereof, as used herein, are intended to beopen-ended transitional phrases, terms, or words that require thepresence of the named ingredients/components/steps and permit thepresence of other ingredients/components/steps. However, suchdescription should be construed as also describing compositions,articles, or processes as “consisting of” and “consisting essentiallyof” the enumerated ingredients/components/steps, which allows thepresence of only the named ingredients/components/steps, along with anyimpurities that might result therefrom, and excludes otheringredients/components/steps.

Numerical values in the specification and claims of this applicationshould be understood to include numerical values which are the same whenreduced to the same number of significant figures and numerical valueswhich differ from the stated value by less than the experimental errorof conventional measurement technique of the type described in thepresent application to determine the value.

All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the recited endpoint andindependently combinable (for example, the range of “from 2 grams to 10grams” is inclusive of the endpoints, 2 grams and 10 grams, and all theintermediate values).

The term “about” can be used to include any numerical value that canvary without changing the basic function of that value. When used with arange, “about” also discloses the range defined by the absolute valuesof the two endpoints, e.g. “about 2 to about 4” also discloses the range“from 2 to 4.” The term “about” may refer to plus or minus 10% of theindicated number.

The present disclosure relates to materials having an average particlesize. The average particle size is defined as the particle diameter atwhich a cumulative percentage of 50% (by volume) of the total number ofparticles are attained. In other words, 50% of the particles have adiameter above the average particle size, and 50% of the particles havea diameter below the average particle size. The size distribution of theparticles will be Gaussian, with upper and lower quartiles at 25% and75% of the stated average particle size, and all particles being lessthan 150% of the stated average particle size.

The present disclosure may refer to temperatures for certain processsteps. In the present disclosure, the temperature usually refers to thetemperature attained by the material that is referenced, rather than thetemperature at which the heat source (e.g. furnace, oven) is set. Theterm “room temperature” refers to a range of from 68° F. (20° C.) to 77°F. (25° C.).

The term “bar” refers to a piece of material with a rectangularcross-section having a thickness of greater than 0.48 mm. The term“plate” refers to a piece of material with a rectangular cross-sectionhaving a thickness greater than 4.78 mm. The term “strip” refers to apiece of material with a rectangular cross-section having a thickness of4.78 mm or less. The term “slab” refers to a piece of material that hasa rectangular cross-section, and may be used interchangeably with theword “input” to refer to the starting piece of material that is workedby the processes of the present disclosure into a strip that can becoiled.

The term “coil” refers to a length of material that is wound into coilform, and may also be called a roll of material.

Rolling, as used herein, is a metal forming process in which a stockinput is passed through one or more pairs of rollers to reduce thethickness of the stock input.

The terms “upstream” and “downstream” are relative to the direction inwhich a metal input flows through various system components, i.e. themetal input travels through an upstream component prior to travelingthrough the downstream component.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for reducing thethickness of an input of a metal matrix composite material to form stripfrom the input. This is done by pre-heating the input, and then warmrolling the input to obtain the strip.

Generally, the metal material that forms the input is a metal matrixcomposite (MMC), which is a composite material that includes a metalmatrix and reinforcement particles dispersed in the metal matrix. Themetal matrix phase is typically continuous, whereas the reinforcingparticles form a dispersed phase within the metal matrix phase.

In particular embodiments, the matrix phase is formed from aluminum oran aluminum alloy. The reinforcement particles are a ceramic materialselected from carbides, oxides, silicides, borides, and nitrides.Specific reinforcement particles include silicon carbide, titaniumcarbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, and zirconiumoxide. In particular embodiments, silicon carbide is used.

The reinforcement particles may have an average particle size (D50) inthe range of from 0.3 micrometers (µm) to 5 µm, including about 3 µm.The average particle size is defined as the particle diameter at which acumulative percentage of 50% by volume (vol%) of the total volume ofparticles are attained. In other words, 50 vol% of the particles have adiameter above the average particle size, and 50 vol% of the particleshave a diameter below the average particle size.

The MMC may include from about 10 vol% to about 50 vol% of thereinforcement particles, including from about 15 vol% to about 30 vol%and from about 30 vol% to about 50 vol%.

The aluminum alloy used in the MMC may be a 2000 series aluminum alloy(i.e., aluminum alloyed with copper), a 6000 series aluminum alloy(i.e., aluminum alloyed with magnesium and silicon), or a 7000 seriesaluminum alloy (i.e., aluminum alloyed with zinc). Non-limiting examplesof suitable aluminum alloys include 2009, 2124, 2090, 2099, 6061, and6082.

In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy includes from about 91.2 wt% toabout 94.7 wt% aluminum, from about 3.8 wt% to about 4.9 wt% copper,from about 1.2 wt% to about 1.8 wt% magnesium, and from about 0.3 wt% toabout 0.9 wt% manganese.

In other embodiments, the aluminum alloy includes from about 95.8 wt% toabout 98.6 wt% aluminum, from about 0.8 wt% to about 1.2 wt% magnesium,and from about 0.4 wt% to about 0.8 wt% silicon.

In some particular embodiments, an MMC includes 6061 series or 2124series aluminum alloy reinforced with about 10 vol% to about 50 vol% ofsilicon carbide particles, including from about 15 vol% to about 30 vol%and from about 30 vol% to about 50 vol% of silicon carbide particles.

In more particular embodiments, the MMC material can be made from a 6061aluminum alloy reinforced with 40 vol% silicon carbide particles.Physical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy reinforced with 40 vol%silicon carbide particles include:

Physical Properties Density, g/cm³ (lbs/in³) 2.9 (0.105) ElasticModulus, GPa (msi) 140 (20.3) Specific Stiffness, GPa/g/cm³ 48 Poisson’sRatio 0.3 Thermal Conductivity @ 25° C. W/m°K (BTU/hr.ft. °F) 130 (75)Thermal Expansion @ 25° C. ppm/°C (ppm/°F) 13 (7.4) Solidus °C (°F) 570(1058) Specific Heat Capacity J/g/°C (BTU/lb/°F) 0.800 (0.191)

In other particular embodiments, the MMC material can be made from a6061 aluminum alloy reinforced with 20 vol% silicon carbide particles.Physical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy reinforced with 20 vol%silicon carbide particles include:

Physical Properties Density, g/cm³ (lbs/in³) 2.8 (0.101) ElasticModulus, GPa (msi) 103 (14.9) Specific Stiffness, GPa/g/cm³ 36 Poisson’sRatio 0.3 Thermal Conductity @ 25° C. W/m°K (BTU/hr.ft. °F) 150 (87)Thermal Expansion @ 25° C. ppm/°C (ppm/°F) 17 (9.4) Solidus °C (°F) 570(1058) Specific Heat Capacity J/g/°C (BTU/lb/°F) 0.850 (0.203)

In additional embodiments, the MMC material can be made from a 2124aluminum alloy reinforced with 25 vol% silicon carbide particles.Physical properties of 2124 aluminum alloy reinforced with 25 vol%silicon carbide particles include:

Physical Properties Density, g/cm³ (lbs/in³) 2.88 (0.104) ElasticModulus, GPa (msi) 115 (16.7) Specific Stiffness, GPa/g/cm³ 39 Poisson’sRatio 0.3 Thermal Conductity @ 25° C. W/m°K (BTU/hr.ft. °F) 150 (87)Thermal Expansion @ 25° C. ppm/°C (ppm/°F) 16.1 (8.9) Solidus °C (°F)548 (1018) Specific Heat Capacity J/g/°C (BTU/lb/°F) 0.836 (0.200)

In particular embodiments, the MMC material can be made from 2124aluminum alloy reinforced with 17 vol% silicon carbide particles.Physical properties of 2124 aluminum alloy reinforced with 17 vol%silicon carbide particles include:

Physical Properties Density, g/cm³ (lbs/in³) 2.85 (0.103) ElasticModulus, GPa (msi) 100 (14.5) Specific Stiffness, GPa/g/cm³ 35 Poisson’sRatio 0.3 Thermal Conductity @ 25° C. W/m°K (BTU/hr.ft. °F) 155 (90)Thermal Expansion @ 25° C. ppm/°C (ppm/°F) 16.8 (9.3) Solidus °C (°F)548 (1018) Specific Heat Capacity J/g/°C (BTU/lb/°F) 0.848 (0.203)

In other embodiments, the MMC material can be made from 6063, 6082,2009, or 2618 series aluminum alloys reinforced with about 10 vol% toabout 50 vol% of silicon carbide particles, including from about 15 vol%to about 30 vol%, or from about 30 vol% to about 50 vol% of siliconcarbide particles.

In some particular embodiments, the MMC material is made of 2009 seriesaluminum alloy reinforced with 15 vol% silicon carbide particles.Physical properties of 2009 series aluminum alloy reinforced with 15vol% silicon carbide particles include:

Physical Properties Density, g/cm³ (lbs/in³) 2.86 (0.103) ElasticModulus, GPa (msi) 96 (13.9) Specific Stiffness, GPa/g/cm³ 33 Poisson’sRatio 0.3 Thermal Conductity @ 25° C. W/m°K (BTU/hr.ft. °F) 155 (90)Thermal Expansion @ 25° C. ppm/°C (ppm/°F) 18 (10.0) Solidus °C (°F) 548(1018) Specific Heat Capacity J/g/°C (BTU/lb/°F) 0.848 (0.203)

The input MMC materials are generally made via powder metal production(including, but not limited to, powder metallurgy and high energy mixingprocesses). The MMC materials of the present disclosure can be made bymixing the aluminum alloy with reinforcement particles to form amixture. The mixture is consolidated, compacted and extruded or hotrolled. This process creates a rectangular product, i.e. a slab, whichcan be used as the input into the processes of the present disclosure.

For example, metal powder and ceramic particles may be mixed with a highenergy technique to distribute the ceramic reinforcement particles intothe metal matrix. Suitable techniques for this mixing include ballmilling, mechanical attritors, teamer mills, rotary mills and othermethods to provide high energy mixing to the powder constituents.Mechanical alloying should be completed in an atmosphere to avoidexcessive oxidation of powders. For example, an inert atmosphere can beprovided using nitrogen or argon gas. The processing parameters shouldbe selected to achieve an even distribution of the ceramic particles inthe metallic matrix.

The powder from the high energy mixing stage may be degassed to removeany retained moisture from the powder surface. This may be completed atbetween 37° C. and 500° C. (100° F. to 930° F.).

A hot compacting step may also be performed to increase a density of thereinforced composite structure. The hot compacting steps may beperformed at a temperature in the range of from about 750° F. (400° C.)to about 1112° F. (600° C.), including from about 795° F. (425° C.) toabout 1020° F. (550° C.) and about 930° F. (500° C.). Hot compaction mayinclude the use of hot die compaction, hot isostatic pressing or hotextrusion typically at pressures of between 30 to 150 MPa.

The mixture is consolidated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In the HIPprocess, the powder is exposed to both elevated temperature and high gaspressure in a high pressure containment vessel to turn the powder into acompact solid. The isostatic pressure is omnidirectional. The HIPprocess eliminates voids and pores. The hot isostatic pressing may beperformed at a temperature of 660° F. (350° C.) to 1110° F. (600° C.)and a pressure of 30 to 150 MPa sufficient to allow the metal section toreach the required temperature, typically between 1 hour and 8 hours.The hot isostatic pressing may be performed on commercially availablealuminum alloy, steel, or nickel HIP systems.

As previously mentioned, some MMC materials exhibit limited ductility atroom temperature. This means the material has a limited ability todeform under pressure or compressive stress, such as the stresses whichare applied to the input material during rolling. Processing thesematerials by conventional methods to produce strip having a reducedthickness results in cracking about the edges of the material. Thisseverely limits the ability to economically produce thin gauge strip.The cracks are caused by the lower ductility of the metal materials atroom temperatures as well as the build-up of cold work in the material.

The ductility of the metal material can be improved by pre-heating themetal material before subjecting it to rolling. Several things happen tothe material when the temperature is increased. First, the strength ofthe material is decreased, allowing for more reduction per a given loadof material in the rolling process. Second, the ductility of the metalmaterial increases with temperature. At temperatures around one-half ofthe melting point of the metal material, the microstructure of the metalmaterial can recover and recrystallize from rolling induced deformation.This can occur in the time between rolling passes. Effectively, thematerial is annealed between passes, in situ. The degree ofrecrystallization depends on the percent reduction and the speed of thematerial through the mill. This allows one to achieve much larger totaldeformations than are possible at lower temperatures.

FIG. 1 is a first exemplary embodiment of a system 100 that can be usedto reduce the thickness of the metal input to obtain a strip productformed from the metal input. The system 100 includes a payoff station110 and a rolling mill 120. The payoff station provides the metal inputto the rolling mill 120. The metal input can be provided as batches ofslab, plate or strip. Alternatively, the metal input can be provided asa coil of metal material. As illustrated here, the metal input begins atthe left-hand side of the figure, and advances in the direction of thearrow to the right-hand side of the figure.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the metal input may be measured atpoint 112, which is prior to entering the rolling mill 120. Themeasurement may be made by a gauge, sensor, or the like. The thicknessof the metal input is indicated with reference numeral 105. This canalso be considered an “initial thickness” or a “starting thickness”.

The metal input is pre-heated to a warm rolling temperature beforeentering the rolling mill 120. The warm rolling temperature is greaterthan room temperature, and is usually at least 300° F. (149° C.). Thewarm rolling temperature is less than one-half the melting point of themetal material from which the input is made. In more specificembodiments, the warm rolling temperature is from about 350° F. (177°C.) to about 600° F. (316° C.).

In FIG. 1 , the metal input is pre-heated to a warm rolling temperaturein the payoff station 110. In this embodiment, the payoff station canact as an oven or furnace, in addition to sending the input through thesystem 100. Reference numeral 108 is used to indicate the pre-heatedmetal input. The metal input should be heated to the warm rollingtemperature throughout its entire thickness.

Continuing, the pre-heated metal input 108 is then fed from thepre-heating station 110 into the rolling mill 120. Here, the pre-heatedmaterial 108 is reduced in thickness by a pair of bite rolls 122 and124. In some embodiments, the bite rolls 122 and 124 are pressedtogether by a pair of back-up rolls 123 and 125 in the conventionalmanner. The back-up rolls 123 and 125 are supported in chocks (notshown), and they are mechanically controllable to vary the gap betweenthe bite rolls. In some embodiments, at least one of the bite rolls orback up rolls is mechanically connected to a main drive motor thatdrives the material through the mill 120. The bite rolls 122, 124 pressagainst the preheated metal input 108 with the pressure necessary tomaintain a preselected nip width. The rolling mill 120 may also includea nip width controller 128 that controls the actual pressure which thebite rolls 122, 124 apply to the pre-heated metal input 108 and hencethe thickness of the metal strip exiting the rolling mill 120. The finalstrip product exiting the rolling mill 120 is indicated with referencenumeral 109.

The reduction in thickness (%WW) of the input material in the warmrolling of the rolling mill 120 may vary. The metal input may be hotrolled with up to 30% reduction in thickness per rolling pass. In someembodiments, the thickness reduction per pass is from about 5% to about30%. In other embodiments, the thickness reduction per pass is fromabout 10% to about 30%. In some embodiments, the hot rolling thicknessreduction per pass may be from about 10% to about 25%. It is also notedthat only one set of bite rolls is illustrated here, but the rollingmill can contain additional bite rolls, such that the metal input isreduced in thickness multiple times. The total reduction (%WW) in therolling mill, i.e. after all warm rolling passes are completed, is atleast 75% of the initial thickness of the metal input.

The warm rolling process is advantageous because it eliminates or atleast greatly reduces the presence of cracks in the metal input.Moreover, the warm rolling process allows larger reductions in thethickness of the metal input per pass in the rolling mill compared tocold working. The relatively low rolling temperature, compared to hotrolling temperatures, limits the oxidation of the metal input, which isusually more susceptible to rapid oxidation at hot rolling temperatures.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the final strip 109 may bemeasured at point 114, which is downstream of the rolling mill 120. Themeasurement may be made by a gauge, a sensor, or the like. The thicknessof the final strip is indicated with reference numeral 107. This canalso be considered a “final thickness” or an “ending thickness”. Thefinal thickness 107 is less than the initial thickness 105. Desirably,the final thickness is less than 0.2 inches (0.51 mm). The width of thefinal strip may also be greater than the width of the metal input aswell, though this is not required.

The strip 109 is then collected at a collection station 130. The lengthand width of the strip product is not particularly relevant.

FIG. 2 is a second exemplary embodiment of a system 100 that can be usedto reduce the thickness of the metal input to obtain a strip productformed from the metal input, and is similar to that of FIG. 1 . In thisembodiment, the system 100 includes a payoff station 110, a rolling mill120, and a collection station 130 located as previously described.However, the pre-heating does not occur in the payoff station. Rather,the pre-heating occurs at a pre-heating station 140, which is locatedbetween the payoff station 110 and the rolling mill 120. The metalinput, before being pre-heated, is identified with reference numeral103, and is identified with reference numeral 108 after being pre-heatedin the pre-heating station 140.

In FIG. 2 , the pre-heating station 140 is in the form of at least oneheated roll, or a set of heated rolls 142, 144. The heated rolls 142,144 are wide enough to match or exceed the width of the metal input 103.Heated roll 142 contacts a top surface 104 of the metal input 103, andheated roll 144 contacts a bottom surface 106 of the metal input 103,respectively. The heated rolls 142, 144 may be heated by an internalheating element or other means. In some embodiments, the internalheating element is a resistive heating element. If desired, multipleheated rolls can contact each surface of the metal input. The heatedrolls transfer heat to the metal input, taking advantage of therelatively high thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. Each heatedroll may be set at the same temperature. In other embodiments havingmultiple heated rolls contacting a surface of the metal input, theheated rolls may be set at progressively higher temperatures as themetal input travels towards the rolling mill 120. It is noted that theheated rolls are set above the warm rolling temperature that is desiredto be attained by the metal input. Again, the metal input should beheated to the warm rolling temperature throughout its entire thickness.It is also noted that in the pre-heating station 140, the thickness ofthe metal input is not substantially reduced by the heated rolls (i.e.by more than 3%).

FIG. 3 is a third exemplary embodiment of a system 100 that can be usedto reduce the thickness of the metal input to obtain a strip productformed from the metal input, and is similar to that of FIG. 2 . In thisembodiment, the system 100 includes a payoff station 110, a rolling mill120, a pre-heating station 140, and collection station 130.

As illustrated here, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, thepayoff station 110 and the collection station 130 are adapted toaccommodate a coil/reel/roll of metal input. The coil/reel/roll may beunwound and progressed forward, in the direction indicated by the arrow,through the system 100. This permits the thickness reduction process tobe continuous in nature. That is, the payoff station 110 may continuallyfeed the metal input from the coil/reel/roll. The final strip 109 can becontinuously wound to form a coil of thinner strip (compared to themetal input).

In FIG. 3 , the pre-heating station 140 is in the form of a heatedtunnel through which the metal input 103 passes as it travels from thepayoff station 110 to the rolling mill 120. The pre-heating station actsas an oven or furnace to heat the metal input to the warm rollingtemperature. The heated tunnel may be in the form of an oven that actsby conduction, convection, or radiation. For example, the heated tunnelmay be in the form of a gas oven, a combustion oven, or a convectionoven. The oven can alternatively include a radiating heating elementsuch as an infrared heater.

It should be noted that the pre-heating station 140 illustrated in FIG.2 and FIG. 3 could be retro-fitted into existing rolling mills orsimilar devices and machinery.

It is also contemplated that in some embodiments, at least one bite roll122, 124 within the rolling mill 120 can also be a heated roll. The biteroll may be heated with a resistive heating element located within thecore of the roll, or by other means known in the art. This can maintainthe warm rolling temperature of the metal input 108 within the rollingmill 120.

The final strip 109 has a smaller thickness compared to the metal input.The final strip can be further processed, or can then be used for highvolume production of various articles and goods. Such articles may beuseful in applications such as space, defense, aerospace, automotive,OEM, consumer goods, consumer electronics, and transportationapplications. For example, the final strip can be stamped, cut, etc. toform the article. Articles can include outlet guide vanes; hydraulic /fuel blocks; wheels; fixed wing structures / skins; helicoptercomponents; pistons; piston pins; cylinder liners; brake calipers;connecting rods; push rods; chassis components; optical sensors; andsatellite structures.

The following examples are provided to illustrate the compositions,articles, and methods of the present disclosure. The examples are merelyillustrative and are not intended to limit the disclosure to thematerials, conditions, or process parameters set forth therein.

EXAMPLES Comparative Example 1

Pieces of an MMC made from 6061 aluminum alloy reinforced with 20 vol%of SiC particles were extruded at a thickness of 0.140 inches (3.55 mm),and cut to a width of 4.75 inches. The pieces were cold rolled at 10%CWper pass. As seen in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, edge cracking occurred.

Example 1

Pieces of an MMC made from 6061 aluminum alloy reinforced with 20 vol%of SiC particles were extruded at a thickness of 0.140 inches (3.55 mm),and cut to a width of 4.75 inches. The pieces were warm rolled attemperatures between 450° F. and 550° F. to a thickness of 0.018 inch(0.46 mm), or a %WW of 87%, and a 4.75 inch width. As illustrated inFIG. 5 , no cracks were present in the material, and the material waseasily coiled.

It will be appreciated that variants of the above-disclosed embodimentsand other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may becombined into many other different systems or applications. Variouspresently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications,variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by thoseskilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by thefollowing claims or the equivalents thereof.

1. A method for reducing a thickness of an input of a metal material,comprising: pre-heating the input to a warm rolling temperature that isless than one-half the melting point of the metal material; and warmrolling the pre-heated input in a rolling mill to reduce the thicknessof the input, resulting in a metal strip having a final thickness. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-heating is performed by heating apayoff station from which the input is directed towards the rollingmill.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-heating is performed byrunning the input through a heated tunnel, wherein the heated tunnelprovides heat to the input via conduction, convection, or radiation. 4.The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-heating is performed bycontacting a top surface and a bottom surface of the input with heatedrolls, wherein the heated rolls do not substantially reduce thethickness of the input.
 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, whereinthe warm rolling temperature is from about 350° F. to about 600° F.(about 177° C. to about 315° C.).
 6. The method of any one of claims1-5, wherein the warm rolling is performed to a total %WW of at least75%.
 7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the warm rolling isperformed by a plurality of warm passes, each warm pass resulting in a%WW of up to 65%.
 8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein therolling mill comprises a set of heated bite rolls.
 9. The method of anyone of claims 1-8, further comprising winding the metal strip into acoil.
 10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the metalmaterial is a metal matrix composite (MMC) material that comprises analuminum alloy and ceramic particles dispersed in the aluminum alloy.11. The method of claim 10, wherein the ceramic particles comprise atleast one ceramic material selected from the group consisting ofcarbides, oxides, silicides, borides, and nitrides.
 12. The method ofany one of claims 10-11, wherein the MMC material comprises from about15 vol% to about 50 vol% of the ceramic particles.
 13. The method of anyone of claims 10-12, wherein the average particle size of the ceramicparticles is from about 0.3 µm to about 5 µm.
 14. A metal strip producedby the method of any one of claims 1-13.
 15. An article produced fromthe metal strip of claim
 14. 16. A system for producing metal strip,comprising: means for pre-heating a metal input to a warm rollingtemperature that is less than one-half the melting point of the metalmaterial; and a rolling mill for warm rolling the pre-heated metal inputto produce the metal strip.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein themeans for pre-heating is a payoff station that is configured (A) to feedthe metal input to the rolling mill and (B) to pre-heat the metal input.18. The system of claim 16, wherein the means for pre-heating is aheated tunnel located between a payoff station and the rolling mill,wherein the heated tunnel provides heat to the input via conduction,convection, or radiation.
 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the meansfor pre-heating is a set of heated rolls located between a payoffstation and the rolling mill, wherein the heated rolls are located sothat a top surface and a bottom surface of the metal input are contactedby the heated rolls.
 20. The system of any one of claims 16-19, furthercomprising a take-up reel downstream of the rolling mill.